I’ve been covering accessible travel for nearly 30 years, and in that time I have most certainly seen a lot of changes. Travel really is more accessible today for wheelchair-users and slow walkers. Granted, if you are in your 30s, you probably don’t remember what things were like decades ago with the archaic attitudes about disability — before the ADA and other laws made access possible. If that’s the case I totally understand why you feel things are still not accessible enough, as that’s a fair assessment from your perspective.
If you follow accessible travel at all, you’ve probably noticed an uptick of articles about the possibility of staying in your own wheelchair to fly. A few airlines have released prototypes of “accessible” flip up seating units with wheelchair tie-downs; and a number of disability rights organizations have championed the “flying in your wheelchair” movement.
Enacted in 1986, the Air Carrier Access Act, covers access-related travel issues on all US airlines, and on foreign airlines on flights to and from the US. And as with many regulations, it’s continually updated. The 2025 Air Carrier Act updates include minor wording changes and definitions, updated training requirements, and some specific changes in existing regulations. This update of the regulations focuses mainly on preventing and mitigating wheelchair damage, and providing timely and appropriate repairs when it does occur. Here are the highlights of what to expect in 2025. These 2025 Air Carrier Access Act Updates will take effect January 16, 2025 unless otherwise noted.
Notification upon Loading Wheelchair
As of December 17, 2025, airlines covered by the Air Carrier Access Act will be required to notify passengers when their assistive devices have been loaded and unloaded from the cargo hold.
Publication of Cargo Hold Dimensions
Airlines will be required to publish the dimensions of their cargo holds — and any limitations they may have — on their websites. This applies to all the aircraft in their fleet.
Prompt Return of Delayed Assistive Devices
As of June 6, 2025 airlines will be required to deliver delayed assistive devices within 24 hours for a domestic flight, 12 hours for an international flight, and 30 hours for a long international flight (more than 12 hours). The passenger will have the choice of picking up the delayed assistive device at the airport or having it delivered to a reasonable location.
Reimbursement For Accessible Ground Transportation
Passengers will be reimbursed for accessible ground transportation should they decide to pick up their delayed assistive device at the airport.
Prompt Repair or Replacement of Damaged Assistive Devices
As of March 17, 2025 carriers must offer passengers a choice in regards to repair or replacement of damaged assistive devices. Passengers can opt to have the carrier arrange for repair or replacement, or the passenger can arrange for repair or replacement at their chosen vendor. If the latter option is chosen, the carrier will transport the assistive device to the repair location and pay for the needed repairs.
It should be noted that the Montreal Convention still remains in effect for the liability limits for assistive devices damaged or lost on international flights. The carrier liability limit for this is $1731.
Appropriate Loaner Wheelchairs
If the airline provides a loaner assistive device because of loss or damage, and it does not meet the passenger’s needs, the passenger can find an appropriate substitute elsewhere. If this happens, the airline must reimburse the passenger for the rental within 30 days. The airline can require receipts, invoices or other documentation.
Rebooking Requirements for Service Failures
If a passenger’s assistive device will not fit into the cargo hold, the airline must book the passenger on the next available flight that can accommodate it. This will be done at no additional charge, even if a partner carrier is used.
New Onboard Wheelchair Standards
Finally, the 2025 Air Carrier Access Act updates include requirements for new safety standards and accessibility features for on-board wheelchairs. These include adequate padding, locking wheels, restraints and new size requirements. They go into effect for new aisle chairs purchased on twin aisle aircraft and aircraft with over 60 seats on October 2, 2026. And they go into effect for all other covered aircraft on October 2, 2031.
Have you ever become frustrated at not being able to find wheelchair-accessible taxis in New York City? Well, your not alone. And this problem goes back decades. In 2011 a group of disabled advocates finally got together and decided to do something about it. At that time only 2% of active taxi medallions were assigned to accessible vehicles in New York City. So a class action lawsuit was filed against the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) for their failure to adequately provide wheelchair-accessible taxis in New York City.
Wheelchair-Accessible Taxis in New York City Ruling
And the result of this litigation was a groundbreaking settlement agreement on May 30, 2014. The settlement agreement required the TLC to make at least 50% of its fleet wheelchair-accessible by 2020. And 2020 seemed like a long way away in 2014. Six years later when the deadline rolled around, guess what? Only 42% of New York City cabs were wheelchair accessible.
So off to court they went again. This time the plaintiffs (Taxis for All, Dr. Simi Linton, United Spinal Association and the 504 Democratic Club) filed a motion to enforce the original agreement, while the TLC filed a motion to be relieved of it’s obligations under the agreement.
And the result was a decision that was released on August 29, 2024. The TLC was ordered to make 100% of all new taxis wheelchair-accessible, until that original 50% requirement is met. The plaintiffs also asked for a “Special Master” to be appointed to “determine what additional steps defendants can and should take to accelerate the accessibility of yellow taxis.” This was denied; however the judge stated that they may renew this request if the TLC fails to meet the Active Medallion Requirement by March 31, 2025.
So although access to taxis in New York City has greatly improved since 2011, it still has a ways to go. Thanks to all the advocates and their counsel (Disability Rights Advocates and the law firm of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter and Hampton) for pushing forward for this much needed access.
With the increased popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), more and more charging stations are popping up across the US. The problem is, because it’s a rather new development, these charging stations aren’t specifically addressed in the Americans with Disabilities Act Access Guidelines (ADAAG). In fact they aren’t even covered under any general design standards. But that’s all set to change as the US Access Board recently released their proposed Electric Vehicle Charging Station Regulations; and they are seeking public comments, from end-users, designers and builders on these preliminary regulations. So it’s time to let your voice be heard.
Proposed Electric Vehicle Charging Station Regulations
Even if you don’t use a EV, you still might want to have a look at the proposed regulations, and have your say, because once the regulations are finalized it will be too late. The public comment period is open until November 4, 2024.
And you can be darn sure that the folks that build and design these EV charging stations will certainly have their say; in fact a few of the major players have already voiced their concerns to the US Access Board. One of their concerns is about the “accessible route” to the charging stations. Their claim is that since they lease the space from parking lots and shopping centers, they don’t feel they should have to provide an accessible path of travel to them.
Another issue is size. Space is at a premium, as it’s usually leased and they of course would prefer to have a smaller space The proposed guidelines call for a minimum width of 132 inches and a minimum length of 240 inches with an access aisle. These are larger than standard parking spaces, to allow for access to the charging equipment. Of course the designers want them to be smaller. There would also be no distinction between van accessible spaces and car accessible spaces. Additionally the proposed number of accessible charging spaces will depend on the total number of charging stations.
“Use Last” Model for Accessible Spaces
The US Access Board is also seeking comments about an alternative designation of the accessible charging spaces, in their proposed Electric Vehicle Charging Station Regulations. Specifically they are asking if the “use last model” for accessible charging stations is acceptable. In this model they would require more accessible charging stations, but they would allow everyone to use the accessible spaces if all the other spaces are occupied. The accessible spaces would be labeled with the blue wheelchair pictogram, but it would also include the words “use last”. Under this model, the number of accessible charging spaces would also be increased.
So it would be like accessible bathrooms. They have all the required modifications, and usually have a blue wheelchair on the door, but they can be used by anyone if someone isn’t using it.
That model could lead to a lot of problems. First, there would have to be some sort of education to the public to help them understand the whole “use last” concept; and even then some folks would probably just use the accessible spaces because they were convenient. And to be honest, there’s no real way to enforce it.
Personally, I think it’s a bad idea, as it’s a slippery slope. Look at accessible parking for example. Even with fines, and threatened tows, there’s still an enormous problem with accessible parking abuse. Can you imagine how much worse that would be if you labeled the accessible parking spaces as “use last”?
In any case, I urge you to send your comments in to the access board, to let your voice be heard.
How to Comment
It’s pretty easy to make a public comment on the proposed Electric Vehicle Charging Station Regulations
First off, I encourage you to read a copy of the proposed Electric Vehicle Charging Station Regulations here.
You can make a public comment online at https://www.regulations.gov/document/ATBCB-2024-0001-0001. Click on “comment” to make your comment or “all comments on docket” to read comments that have already been submitted. Sometimes reading other comments can give you an idea of what to say.
Alternatively, you can submit a comment by e-mail at docket@access-board.gov. If you go this route, be sure and include include the docket number –ATBCB-2024-0001– in the subject line of the message.
And finally, you can also submit a comment by postal mail: Office of General Counsel, U.S. Access Board, 1331 F Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-1111. And again, be sure and include Include the docket number — ATBCB-2024-0001– in your correspondence.
But don’t tarry, as the public comment period closes on November 4, 2024. After that they will review the comments and make decisions on the final regulations.
If you’re a member of any online group that focuses on access or disability, chances are you’ve read about more than a few “Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) access shortfalls”. Granted, in this day and age this shouldn’t happen, but it does. Why? Well the short answer is because there’s no “ADA Police Force” that goes around and looks for access violations. For the most part, the Department of Justice (DOJ) relies on user-input to decide when and where to issue fines or take remedial action. And where does that user-input come from? In a few words, from you and the rest of the general public.
And the good news is, it’s easy to file and ADA complaint. Unfortunately most people just brush off the access shortfalls they encounter, and skip reporting them to the DOJ. It’s true that the DOJ does not move forward and take action on every single complaint; however if they don’t receive any complaints, it virtually guarantees that access shortfalls will remain unchanged. And that’s why we still encounter ADAAG code violations, over 30 years after the ADA was signed by President George Bush.
The ADA Complaint Process
It’s easy to file an ADA complaint. Just go to https://civilrights.justice.gov/report/ and complete the form. Keep it short and sweet and get right to the violation. And try to leave your emotions out of it. A well written concise complaint will get more attention than a wordy unorganized one.
After the DOT receives a complaint, they review it. If there are any questions they will contact you. At the very least they will confirm that they received your complaint.
Next they check to see if the item addressed is covered under the ADA. For example, if someone complains about the height of a hotel bed, no action is taken because bed height is not regulated by the ADA (https://emerginghorizons.com/why-the-ada-doesnt-address-bed-height/). They also make sure that the complaint is in the right department. So if they get a complaint about an air travel issue, they will not address it because air travel is covered under the Air Carrier Access Act, not the ADA.
If the DOJ does decide to move forward with an ADA complaint, there are a few ways things can go. The most popular choice is mediation. This is when they assign an impartial mediator and have the parties sit down in a neutral location and hammer out a workable solution. It’s a little time intensive, but the results are usually worth it.
Of course, the best outcome is when fines are issued or a lawsuit is initiated and remedial action is required. This tends to make companies stand up and take notice. On the other hand, some cases are not pursued. This could be because the DOJ is targeting certain violations, geographic areas or even providers. And the DOJ does look for patterns — like an increase in specific violations — so reporting ADA issues is always good.
Mediation Works!
Just for the record, I do practice what I preach, as I have filed several ADA complaints. All of them were addressed in one way or another, but one of my most successful efforts actually went to mediation.
About 15 years ago I was summoned to jury duty in a small town; and I was totally gob smacked when I discovered that there was not a single accessible restroom in the entire courthouse. I brought this to the attention of a few supervisors and the prevailing attitude seemed to be that anyone with a disability could get excused so they didn’t really need those accessible facilities. But what if they wanted to do their civic duty and serve on a jury? That option was pretty much taken away from them due to the lack of accessible restrooms.
So I filed an ADA complaint. Shortly thereafter I got a phone call saying my complaint was referred to mediation, and that I would be getting a call from the mediator. The mediator called and explained the process and set up a meeting time that worked for all parties. I was expecting something adversarial, but it was all very businesslike. I explained the problem, and of course the city folks claimed “budget issues” but in the end they realized they were obligated to provide accessible facilities at the courthouse.
And it all had a happy ending. Although it didn’t happen overnight, they redid the restrooms in the courthouse and put in a large accessible unit. In my opinion it was a win-win for everyone, and it really took very little effort on my part.
Sometimes Fines are Imposed
The DOJ can also start legal proceedings as the result of an ADA complaint. Such was the result of an ADA complaint filed by one couple against a Columbus, Ohio Holiday Inn Express (https://archive.ada.gov/badrivishal_sa.pdf).
The complaint was filed by the wife of a man who has multiple sclerosis, and requires a roll-in shower to bathe. She reserved an accessible room with a roll-in shower at the property, but when they arrived they discovered that neither of the two accessible rooms had a roll-in shower. Since her husband was unable to use the tub/shower combination in the accessible room, they were forced to relocate to another hotel during the busy Thanksgiving weekend.
The hotel claimed that they were up to code in regards to their accessible facilities; however a subsequent access audit found that there were many ADA violations. Under the DOJ agreement, the hotel was required to remove access barriers in the parking lot, building entrance, public restrooms, front desk, and the routes of travel within the hotel. They were also required to fix the access shortfalls in their accessible rooms, and add one more accessible room to the inventory.
The agreement also required additional training for the hotel staff on how to accommodate guests with a disability. And as part of the settlement, the hotel paid the couple that filed the complaint $20,000. Granted, nobody should have to endure access shortfalls like these in this day and age, but thanks to this complaint, one more property is now truly accessible to wheelchair-users.
Excuses, Excuses!
I’ve been preaching this “file an ADA complaint” mantra for several decades. Many folks are receptive to it, however few follow through with any action. I’ve gotten many excuses for this reluctance. Here are some of my favorites, along with my arguments against them.
“I addressed the issue with the manager who seemed eager to correct things.”
A good manager always makes you feel that your complaint is valid and will be addressed. It’s what happens after you leave that really matters. Many managers won’t take the time to follow up on access related issues. And even if the manager tries to pursue things, if the higher ups nix the idea it’s a no-go. Which is why it’s a good idea to file an ADA complaint, even if you also personally addressed the issue with on-site staff — to make sure that things get fixed.
“It takes too long to file a complaint.”
Everything takes time, but truly it takes less time to file and ADA complaint than to tell your story on numerous Facebook groups. It’s all about using time wisely.
“I’m not the ADA police.”
Well actually, you are. We don’t have inspectors or officials that go around looking for ADA violations, so the only way they get reported is if average citizens complain. And that means everyone!
“Nothing ever happens with these complaints. It’s just a waste of time.”
The DOJ doesn’t have the staff to address all of the complaints; however a good number are referred to mediation, and some are even pursued legally. You can’t really predict what will happen to any complaint, but you can be sure that the issue won’t be addressed if you don’t submit a complaint.
Due to a break in the Transcanyon Waterline, which supplies potable water to the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, all South Rim Grand Canyon lodges will be closed from August 29, 2024 to September 4, 2024. The closure will allow crews to make emergency repairs to the water system, which has had 85 major breaks since 2010.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recently issued new rabies vaccination and health regulations for all dogs entering the US. This includes service animals, and it also applies to dogs returning to the US. The new rabies regulations, which went into effect on August 1, 2024, require all dogs entering the US to:
Be at least six months old
Be healthy and disease-free
Have an ISO-compatible microchip
Have a US-issued Rabies Vaccination form (completed by a USDA-accredited veterinarian) or a USDA export certificate
Have a completed CDC Import Form receipt
Why the New Rabies Regulations?
These new regulations replace the old regulations, which were issued in 1956. So why are new rabies regulations necessary?
Although dog rabies was eliminated in 2007, a reintroduction is possible if dogs from high risk rabies countries enter the US unvaccinated. And the US imports approximately 1 million dogs each year.
And then there’s the issue of fraud. There has been widespread fraud in importation documents, and it’s felt that will subside with stricter rules, specifically an ISO-compatible microchip and vaccination and import forms that are completed by a USDA-accredited veterinarian.
Additionally, unhealthy animals that were previously turned away at customs were sometimes housed in unsafe and unsanitary conditions by the importers. With the new rules in place, it’s hoped the incidence of unhealthy or diseased dogs at international border crossings will decrease. In other words since the new process will entail more time and money, it’s believed that only reputable exporters or responsible pet owners will likely complete it.
And finally, it will pretty much bring the US in line with the majority of other countries that have upped their entrance requirements in order to keep rabies at bay.
Rabies Regulations and Service Animals
Will the new rabies regulations be more time consuming for folks with service animals? Probably. People who fly with service animals already have to fill out the DOT forms that list the service animal’s veterinarian and vaccination information. Now a USDA-accredited veterinarian will have to fill out the CDC-required rabies vaccination form and the import form. It will likely involve an office visit and of course a vet bill.
The bigger problem could be finding a USDA-accredited veterinarian. This handy tool can help you find out if your vet is USDA-accredited, or locate one nearby who is. But start early, as some offices may be inundated with people wanting to travel, and others may just stop taking new patients because of the overload.
You’ll also need to make sure your dog’s microchip is ISO-compliant. This means that it has 15 digits which is the international standard. Some older chips may not make the cut, so you may have to have a new one implanted. Your vet can determine if the microchip is ISO-compliant.
And finally, when you do get the paperwork from the vet, make copies. The CDC advises people to travel with at least two copies, in case a customs agent needs to retain one.
Nearly a year ago, on July 26, 2023, the Department of Transportation (DOT) announced a new accessible airline lavatory rule. Unfortunately it will still be many years before single aisle aircraft with more than 125 seat have accessible lavatories, but at least it’s a start. The rulemaking process has been going on for quite some time and the DOT took into consideration comments from consumers, airlines and disability organizations.
So here are the highlights of the final accessible airline lavatory rule, along with a timeline for when you can expect to see some changes.
Lavatory Interiors
Under the new rule, US single aisle aircraft with more than 125 seats must include the following features in their lavatories. These features will be required on new aircraft delivered three years after the effective date (2023) of the rule.
Grab bars
Accessible faucets
Accessible call button
Accessible door lock
Room for onboard wheelchair
Ample toe Clearance
Privacy screen if door is not able to be closed
So basically you can expect to see start seeing these features in 2026.
But there is a catch. The usual life of a commercial commuter aircraft is 25 years, so only 4 percent of the fleet is replaced annually. This figure is from the DOT. If they start replacing aircraft with ones that include accessible lavatories in 2026 (as required), the entire fleet will not be outfitted with them until 2051. And during that interim time, passengers will not know if they have an accessible lavatory until they board the aircraft.
Onboard Wheelchairs
The new accessible airline lavatory rule also includes a provision that the onboard wheelchair must be maneuverable into the lavatory, so that the wheelchair-user will be able to completely close the door. This also applies to single aisle aircraft with over 125 seats.
Again, aircraft are not required to be retrofitted, and the same timeline applies, so this would begin in 2026 and be fully implemented in 2051.
Accessible Lavatory Space
Perhaps the biggest change with the new accessible airline lavatory rule is the requirement for accessible lavatories to have ample space for a person with a disability and an attendant. More specifically the lavatory must have enough room for two males in the 95th percentile of height and weight (6 ft. 2 in., 246 pounds). That’s a pretty large space and it would make airline lavatories truly wheelchair-accessible. And as with the other regulations this applies to single aisle aircraft with more than 125 seats.
But there is a different implementation time frame for this requirement. Specifically, it’s for aircraft ordered 10 years or delivered 12 years from the effective date. That means this would start in 2036 and 2038, and would be fully implemented in 2061 and 2063. And in the interim you won’t know in advance if your aircraft has a lavatory with this extra space.
To be fair, the preliminary rule required implementation in aircraft ordered 18 years from the effective date or placed into service 20 years from the effective date. On that timeline the fleets would be fully outfitted with accessible lavatories in 2069 and 2071.
I addressed the timeline issue in my public comments to the DOT, as did other folks, so at least they listened a bit. But rulemaking is always a process of give and take.
So bottom line, we will start to see some minor accessibility changes in 2026, with full implementation of this rule in 2071. It’s definitely a step forward, but it’s really for future generations. But then again, so was the ADA. Justin Dart was a visionary but he certainly didn’t live to see the strides in accessibility we have made since the first days of his activism.
Thanks to modern technology it’s now possible to share your travel photos with friends and family with just a few swipes and a tap or two. And I absolutely love seeing those smiling faces enjoying cruises, beaches and luxury resorts. But lately I’ve also been seeing another kind of travel post – it usually features a photo of an obviously inaccessible room, with the caption “Really? This is a wheelchair-accessible hotel room?”
And the truth is, well, maybe it isn’t.
How Does This Happen?
I’ve looked at thousands of wheelchair-accessible hotel rooms over my career, and I’ve seen just about every kind of access faux-paus you can imagine; however I’ve also had more than a few managers take me to view a supposed “accessible room” only to discover that it wasn’t. So how does that happen? According to many a red-faced hotel manager, “Somehow the rooms type was entered into the computer incorrectly.”
And although this seems like a minor computer error it can wreck havoc on travelers who need a wheelchair-accessible hotel room. Think about it for a minute. You reserve an accessible room, and because the inaccessible room is coded wrong that’s the room you get. Even worse, when you open the door and discover the lack of access and report it to the front desk, the clerk continues to insist that you ARE in an accessible room. Why? Because the computer says so. And believe me, it’s darn near impossible to convince a rank-and-file employee that the computer is wrong.
Clues That You Aren’t in a Wheelchair-Accessible Hotel Room
Although access features can and do vary from property to property, there are a few clues that you may have been incorrectly assigned to a standard room, rather than a wheelchair-accessible hotel room (in the US). Here are a few tip-offs.
Check the bathroom. Although access features may vary in the shower or tub, check out the toilet area. Are there grab bars by the toilet? If not, you may well be in a standard room, as that’s one access feature that is seldom missed.
Is the roll-in shower really a low step shower? Many hotels have replaced their tub/shower combinations with low-step showers in their standard rooms. Look inside the shower – if the only access feature you see is a set of grab bars, then you may be in a standard room. In this day and age even standard rooms have shower grab bars for safety, so that by itself doesn’t really indicate you are in an accessible room. Look for a hand-held showerhead.
It’s also important to note that under the Americans with Disabilities Act, accessible rooms can have either a roll-in shower a tub/shower combination or a transfer-type shower. In fact properties with 50 or fewer rooms aren’t required to have an accessible room with a roll-in shower. That said, if your tub/shower combination only has grab bars, and does not include a hand-held showerhead and some type of shower bench, you may be in a standard room.
Next, look out in the hallway. Do you see any rooms marked with the wheelchair pictogram? Are there any that have lowered peepholes? These are sure signs of an accessible room. If some rooms have them, but your room lacks them, it may be a sign that you are in a standard room.
How to Remedy the Situation
Of course if your room is listed incorrectly in the inventory, you won’t get much satisfaction from the front desk. You will have to go higher. Ask to speak to the manager. Ask the manager what features their wheelchair-accessible rooms have. Tell him that you are supposedly in a wheelchair-accessible room, but your room does not have those features. Then show him photos of the room.
And then perhaps suggest that this room was entered into the inventory incorrectly.
Chances are if this is the case, the manager will find you another room – one that is truly accessible. Of course there’s always the chance that there won’t be any accessible rooms available; in which case you should ask to be accommodated at a nearby property. After all, you did book an accessible room, and the mistake wasn’t your fault.
Granted this is a time consuming – and somewhat frustrating — process, so go ahead and ask to be compensated for your time. You may get some free points or maybe even a free night. In the end, managers want happy customers, so don’t be afraid to ask for whatever you feel you deserve.
Nearly a year ago, on July 26, 2023, the Department of Transportation (DOT) announced a new accessible airline lavatory rule. Unfortunately it will still be many years before single aisle aircraft with more than 125 seat have accessible lavatories, but at least it’s a start. The rulemaking process has been going on for quite some time and the DOT took into consideration comments from consumers, airlines and disability organizations.
